Parenteral

Administration of substances outside of the gastrointestinal tract. Routes of parenteral administration are listed below.

• Intravenous (IV): Administration of substances into venous circulation.
• Intraperitoneal (IP): Administration of substances into the abdominal cavity.
• Topical (epicutaneous): The application of substances directly to the skin for topical effect.
• Transdermal (percutaneous): The application of substances directly to the skin for systemic effect.
• Subcutaneous (SC): Administration of substances into the subcutaneous space.
• Intradermal (ID): Administration of substances into the dermis.
• Intramuscular (IM): Administration of substances into the muscle
• Intranasal (IN): Administration of substances into the nose.
• Intratracheal (IT): Administration of substances within the trachea.
• Intracranial: Administration of substances into the brain.
• Epidural (ED): Administration of substances into the epidural space.
• Intrathecal (IT): Administration of substances into the subarachnoid space (in the spinal canal but not within the spinal cord).