Macacine herpesvirus 1, also known as Herpes B virus is carried by non-human primate (NHP) in the genus Macaca, such as the rhesus (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus (M, fascicularis), pigtail macaque (M. nemestrina) and other Asiatic macaque species. The virus can be transmitted from these NHPs to humans through exposure to the animal's saliva or other bodily fluids or tissues. Most infections have been contracted through skin injuries such as bites, scratches, needle sticks or lacerations, or through splashes of body substances into mucous membranes like the conjunctiva of the eye. The stability of the virus on cage surfaces is not known but such contaminated surfaces must be considered as possible sources of infection.  Infected NHPs generally show no signs of illness or may have oral ulcers similar to "cold sores". It is nearly impossible to determine whether a particular NHP is carrying or shedding B virus. Therefore, all MACAQUE NHPs are treated as though infected, and their bodily fluids and soiled cages are handled as if they were contaminated. Non-macaque NHP species are not carriers of the macacine herpesvirus 1 (Herpes B virus) and any exposure to these animal’s saliva or other bodily fluids or tissues will not result with the Herpes B virus infection. It is still recommended to be seen by a health care professional such as Occupational Health Services (OHS) or the emergency room if after hours.

An important factor in protecting the health of personnel engaged in animal activities is personal hygiene. This policy outlines the important hygiene practices that must be followed to mitigate risks against zoonotic agents found naturally in experimental animals as well as hazardous materials used experimentally in approved studies.